Digital makeup artist

ABSTRACT

A digital makeup artist system includes a mobile device, a database system storing cosmetic routine information, common makeup looks, cosmetic products for skin types and ethnicity, and user look preferences of a user. The mobile device includes a user interface for interacting with a digital makeup artist. The digital makeup artist performs an interactive dialog with the user in order to capture needs of the user, including types of makeup look, indoor or outdoor look, skin condition, facial problem areas, favorite facial features. The computation circuitry analyzes the user&#39;s face image to identify face parts, analyzes the face image to determine facial characteristics, and generates image frames to be displayed in synchronization with the interaction with the digital makeup artist based on the analyzed face image, needs of the user, the stored cosmetic routine information, common makeup looks, cosmetic products for skin types and ethnicity, and the user look preferences.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.17/138,078, filed Dec. 30, 2020, the entire contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure is directed to a digital make-up artist and amethod for interactive makeup advice and makeup tutorial.

BACKGROUND

Mobile applications, or Apps, have recently been developed that provideassistance in searching for and selecting cosmetic products forpurchase. The Apps may provide tools for searching for particular typesof make-up, or searching for a product that may be a user's favorite orjust purchasing a previously used product. Some Apps provide assistancein choosing colors of lipstick or eyeshadow by displaying colorpalettes. Some Apps provide color matching features to assist insearching for a color that matches clothing, an accessory, or a colorfrom a picture. Also, videos are available on how to apply certain typesof make-up.

Some Apps make use of the cameras in smartphones, tablets, and laptopsby offering product try-on applications. Some of these applications areimplemented as Web applications, or an App. Some of these applicationsinvolve use of the camera for taking a self portrait photo with thesmartphone camera, uploading the photo to the Web application, thenapplying virtual makeup products to the uploaded image. Theseapplications may offer a variety of options, such as smoothing skin,lifting cheekbones, adjusting eye color. These applications may providethe user with the ability to add any type and color of makeup, as wellas change the color intensity.

However, try-on applications offered thus far create a look by way ofphoto editing tools. Some of the prior try-on applications start with anuploaded photograph and provide one step functions to overlay makeuptypes and colors, then allow editing of the made-up photo. In addition,photo editing tools for mobile devices with cameras have become popularfor use with social media. One photo-sharing app, VSCO, allows users toedit and add filters to photos before sharing them. Many VSCO filtersare available for obtaining certain effects. A VSCO filter may consistof values that can be applied to a photo, including exposure,temperature, contrast, fade, saturation, tint, skintone. Although suchphoto editing tools offer functions to edit the photo, editing a photodoes not provide a personal makeup experience. Also, prior try-onapplication tools do not provide for creation of custom looks. Forexample, a user may want a date night look. The prior try-onapplications may offer a date night look, but do not provide advice onwhat makeup products to use that may be best for the user and how thevarious types of makeup products may be applied to create the look.Instead, some editing may be performed by the user on a face image in anattempt to obtain a custom look. Also, a user may want a date night lookthat is based on the user's mood, or a mood that the user may want toportray.

These prior try-on web applications or Apps lack full personalizationpartly because they perform a process that is not a customized makeuproutine. A typical prior virtual try-on application process relies ontemplates and looks that were created for others. When a user wants acertain look that they have in mind, or wants to experiment with a newlook, the user may be faced with having to edit a look created forsomeone else. There is a need to provide a custom try-on experience fora particular user that allows interaction in a manner that is comparableto the experience that the user may have with a personal makeup artist.There is a need for a makeup experience in which the personal makeupartist teaches a user the steps to get a desired look on their own face.

Social media apps have been developed to assist users in creating acartoon avatar of themselves. These cartoon avatars can be customizedwith hairstyle, hair color, face shape and color, makeup, eyebrows, noseshape, etc. However, a user may wish to post on social media a madeupimage of their actual face.

The aformentioned “background” description is for the purpose ofgenerally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of thepresently named inventors, to the extent it is described in thisbackground section, as well as aspects of the description which may nototherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neitherexpressly or impliedly admitted as prior art against the presentinvention.

SUMMARY

An aspect is a digital makeup artist system, that includes a mobiledevice having a display device, computation circuitry, and a memory; adatabase system storing cosmetic routine information, common makeuplooks, cosmetic products for skin types and ethnicity, and user lookpreferences of a user; a machine learning system for analyzing an imageof a face; and the mobile device includes a user interface forinteracting with a digital makeup artist, wherein the digital makeupartist performs an interactive dialog with the user in order to captureneeds of the user, including one or more of type of makeup look, indooror outdoor look, skin condition, facial problem areas, favorite facialfeatures. The computation circuitry is configured to input a face imageof the user, analyze, via the machine learning system, the user's faceimage to identify face parts, analyze the face image to determine facialcharacteristics including one or more of skin tone, eye color, haircolor, lip color, and skin texture, and generate image frames to bedisplayed on the display device in synchronization with the interactionwith the digital makeup artist. The image frames are generated based onthe analyzed face image of the user, the needs of the user obtainedthrough the interactions with the user, one or more of the storedcosmetic routine information, common makeup looks, cosmetic products forskin types and ethnicity, and the user look preferences.

The foregoing general description of the illustrative embodiments andthe following detailed description thereof are merely exemplary aspectsof the teachings of this disclosure, and are not restrictive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of this disclosure and many of theattendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the samebecomes better understood by reference to the following detaileddescription when considered in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system in accordance with an exemplary aspectof the disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a computer system for a mobile device;

FIG. 3 illustrates a user interface screen having an avatar inaccordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates a user interface screen for a mobile device inaccordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a sequence diagram for interaction between a digital makeupartist and a user for a custom tutorial in accordance with an exemplaryaspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a user interface for inputting a type of look in accordancewith an exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of face analysis in accordance with an exemplaryaspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a diagram of an exemplary architecture for a convolutionneural network for classification of face shape;

FIG. 9 is a diagram of an exemplary deep learning neural network forface landmark detection;

FIG. 10 is a diagram for a recommender system in accordance with anexemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates a non-limiting look-feature matrix in accordancewith an exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a user interface in a mobile application in accordance withan exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a user interface in a mobile application in accordance withan exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 14 is an exemplary mobile application in accordance with anexemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart for a SLOW DOWN video control command inaccordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a flowchart for a PAUSE video control command in accordancewith an exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 17 is a flowchart for a RE-DO LAST STEP video control command inaccordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 18 is a flowchart for a SKIP CURRENT STEP video control command inaccordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a video playback component in accordancewith an exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 20 illustrates a blending process that may be used to create avideo frame based on a desired feature and an original feature;

FIGS. 21A to 21F are a sequence diagram for an exemplary interactionusing the digital makeup artist for a makeup tutorial in accordance withan exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIGS. 22A to 22E are a sequence diagram for an exemplary interaction usecase of using the Digital Makeup Artist 520 for a makeup tutorial inaccordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure;

FIG. 23 is a sequence diagram for interaction between a digital makeupartist and a user for a makeup consultation in accordance with anexemplary aspect of the disclosure; and

FIGS. 24A to 24D are a sequence diagram for an exemplary interactionusing the digital makeup artist for a makeup consultation in accordancewith an exemplary aspect of the disclosure.

In the following detailed description, reference is made to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings,similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless contextdictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in thedetailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting.Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made,without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matterpresented here.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aspects of this disclosure are directed to a digital makeup artist thatmay be consulted for makeup advice and tutorials in a manner that iscomparable to the experience that the user may have with a personalmakeup artist. The disclosed digital makeup artist provides a makeupexperience that teaches a user the steps to get a desired look on theirown face.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system in accordance with an exemplary aspectof the disclosure. Embodiments include a software application, or mobileapplication (App). For purposes of this disclosure, herein below theterm mobile application (App) will be used interchangeably with thesoftware application, and makeup application will be used in referenceto the process of applying makeup, either virtually or physically. Thesoftware application may be executed on a desktop computer or laptopcomputer 103. The mobile application may be executed on a tabletcomputer or other mobile device 101. For purposes of this disclosure,the software application and mobile application are described in termsof the mobile application 111. In each case, the mobile application 111may be downloaded and installed on a respective device 101, 103. In someembodiments, the desktop computer or laptop computer 103 may beconfigured with a microphone 103 a as an audio input device. Themicrophone 103 a may be a device that connects to a desktop computer orlaptop computer 103 via a USB port or audio input port, or wireless viaa Bluetooth wireless protocol. The mobile device 101 may be equippedwith a built-in microphone. In some embodiments, the softwareapplication or mobile application may include a communication functionto operate in conjunction with a cloud service 105. The cloud service105 may include a database management service 107 and a machine learningservice 109. The database management service 107 may be any of the typesof database management systems provided in the cloud service 105, forexample, the database management service 107 may include a database thatis accessed using a structured query language (SQL), or a unstructureddatabase that is accessed by keys, commonly referred to as No SQL. Themachine learning service 109 may perform machine learning in order toallow for scaling up and high performance computing that may benecessary for the machine learning. Also, the software application ormobile application may be downloaded from a cloud service 105. AlthoughFIG. 1 shows a single cloud service, laptop computer and mobile device,it should be understood that any number of mobile devices, laptopcomputers, as well as desktop computers and tablet computers, may beconnected to one or more cloud services.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a mobile computer device. In oneimplementation, the functions and processes of the mobile device 101 maybe implemented by one or more respective processing/computation circuits226. The same or similar processing/computation circuits 226 may beapplied to a tablet computer or a laptop computer. A processing circuitincludes a programmed processor as a processor includes circuitry. Aprocessing circuit may also include devices such as an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC) and conventional circuit componentsarranged to perform the recited functions. Note that circuitry refers toa circuit or system of circuits. Herein, the circuitry may be in onecomputer system or may be distributed throughout a network of computersystems.

Next, a hardware description of the processing/computation circuit 226according to exemplary embodiments is described with reference to FIG. 2. In FIG. 2 , the processing/computation circuit 226 includes a MobileProcessing Unit (MPU) 200 which performs the processes described herein.The process data and instructions may be stored in memory 202. Theseprocesses and instructions may also be stored on a portable storagemedium or may be stored remotely. The processing/computation circuit 226may have a replaceable Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) 201 thatcontains information that is unique to the network service of the mobiledevice 101.

Further, the claimed advancements are not limited by the form of thecomputer-readable media on which the instructions of the inventiveprocess are stored. For example, the instructions may be stored in FLASHmemory, Secure Digital Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Random AccessMemory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory(PROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), ElectricallyErasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), solid-state hard diskor any other information processing device with which theprocessing/computation circuit 226 communicates, such as a server orcomputer.

Further, the claimed advancements may be provided as a utilityapplication, background daemon, or component of an operating system, orcombination thereof, executing in conjunction with MPU 200 and anoperating system. The operating system may be for a laptop computer or adesktop computer such as Mac OS, Windows 10, or a Unix operating system.In the case of a mobile device such as a smartphone or tablet computer,a mobile operating system such as Android, Microsoft® Windows® 10Mobile, Apple iOS® and other systems known to those skilled in the artmay be used.

In order to achieve the processing/computation circuit 226, the hardwareelements may be realized by various circuitry elements, known to thoseskilled in the art. For example, MPU 200 may be a Qualcomm mobileprocessor, a Nvidia mobile processor, a Atom® processor from IntelCorporation of America, a Samsung mobile processor, or a Apple A7 mobileprocessor, or may be other processor types that would be recognized byone of ordinary skill in the art. Alternatively, the MPU 200 may beimplemented on an Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Programmable Logic Device (PLD) orusing discrete logic circuits, as one of ordinary skill in the art wouldrecognize. Further, MPU 200 may be implemented as multiple processorscooperatively working in parallel to perform the instructions of theinventive processes described above.

The processing/computation circuit 226 in FIG. 2 also includes a networkcontroller 206, such as an Intel Ethernet PRO network interface cardfrom Intel Corporation of America, for interfacing with network 224. Ascan be appreciated, the network 224 can be a public network, such as theInternet, or a private network such as LAN or WAN network, or anycombination thereof and can also include PSTN or ISDN sub-networks. Thenetwork 224 can also be wired, such as an Ethernet network. Theprocessing circuit may include various types of communicationsprocessors for wireless communications including 3G, 4G and 5G wirelessmodems, WiFi®, Bluetooth®, GPS, or any other wireless form ofcommunication that is known.

The processing/computation circuit 226 includes a Universal Serial Bus(USB) controller 225 which may be managed by the MPU 200.

The processing/computation circuit 226 further includes a displaycontroller 208, such as a NVIDIA® GeForce® GTX or Quadro® graphicsadaptor from NVIDIA Corporation of America for interfacing with display210. An I/O interface 212 interfaces with buttons 214, such as forvolume control. In addition to the I/O interface 212 and the display210, the processing/computation circuit 226 may further include amicrophone 241 and one or more cameras 231. The microphone 241 may haveassociated circuitry 240 for processing the sound into digital signals.Similarly, the camera 231 may include a camera controller 230 forcontrolling image capture operation of the camera 231. In an exemplaryaspect, the camera 231 may include a Charge Coupled Device (CCD). Theprocessing/computation circuit 226 may include an audio circuit 242 forgenerating sound output signals, and may include an optional soundoutput port.

The power management and touch screen controller 220 manages power usedby the processing/computation circuit 226 and touch control. Thecommunication bus 222, which may be an Industry Standard Architecture(ISA), Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA), Video ElectronicsStandards Association (VESA), Peripheral Component Interface (PCI), orsimilar, for interconnecting all of the components of theprocessing/computation circuit 226. A description of the generalfeatures and functionality of the display 210, buttons 214, as well asthe display controller 208, power management controller 220, networkcontroller 206, and I/O interface 212 is omitted herein for brevity asthese features are known.

FIG. 3 illustrates a user interface screen having an avatar inaccordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure. For purposes ofthis disclosure, the disclosed avatar is a graphical representation of adigital makeup artist, but may also be a picture of a makeup artist 305,and may represent a person which can communicate with a user usingspeech or text. Speech input can be activated by selecting an icon 311representing a microphone. A subscreen 301 containing the avatar orpicture 305 may provide an area for interacting. The avatar or picture305 can output speech to the computer's audio output 242, or an externalspeaker connected to the computer 101. The avatar or picture 305 canoutput text 309. The subscreen may include an input box 307 where a usercan type in text. In some embodiments, when a user speaks into themicrophone 241, the speech is translated into text, and the text isdisplayed in the input box 307. The subscreen 301 may be contained in auser interface window 310. The window 310 may be a graphical object thatis controlled by the operating system of the computer system 103. Thewindow 310 may display a browser window or a window of a softwareapplication or a mobile application. The window 310 may include a menuicon 303 which when selected may display a menu of items that may beselected and perform specified functions.

The avatar 305 may be implemented as a software object that performsanimations. In some embodiments, as described further below, the avatar305 may be synchronized with a video played in a video component 320.Control of the video component 320 may be performed by spoken commandsthat are made using the microphone 241 when the microphone icon 311 isactivated. The avatar 305 may respond to speech input by performingnatural language processing on the input and outputting a speechresponse through an audio output 242. In order to synchronize the avatarwith the video, the avatar 305 may forward messages to the videocomponent 320, and the video component 320 may share information, suchas timing information, with the avatar 305. A video played by the videocomponent 320 may be broken up into chapters. A chapter may beidentified by a chapter name and time. The time may be in seconds fromthe beginning of the video, or in terms of a percentage of the fulllength of the video. In some embodiments, the video is a sequence ofmakeup application steps in which frames of the video are generatedbased on an image of a user's face and makeup to be applied. Forpurposes of this disclosure, a makeup application step may includeapplication of a certain type of makeup to a certain part of a user'sface image. A certain type of makeup may include a particular makeupproduct, and particular characteristics of the makeup product.

In some embodiments, the avatar 305 is implemented as a conversationalagent, which may ask questions and provide solutions with respect to thequestions. The conversational agent may also respond to certain types ofquestions asked by the user. The conversational agent may respond tostatements by the user that are responses to questions that theconversational agent had asked. The conversational agent stores stateinformation in the cloud service 105. In some implementations, theconversational agent may have been previously created using a softwaretool, such as the Bot Framework SDK available for the Microsoft Azurecloud service. The operation of the conversational agent will becomemore apparent in the description below.

FIG. 4 illustrates a user interface screen for a mobile device inaccordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure. In someembodiments, a user interface is provided for smaller screens, such asthe screen in a smartphone 101. Provided the smaller screen, interactionwith the avatar 305 may be through audio and/or text. Speech input canbe activated by selecting an icon 311 representing a microphone. Asection of the display screen 210 may display controls and textassociated with conducting a dialog. The avatar 305 can output speech tothe computer's audio output 242, or an external speaker connected to thecomputer 101. The avatar 305 can output text 309 to the display 210. Thesection of the display screen 210 may include an input box 307 where auser can type in text. In some embodiments, when a user speaks into themicrophone 241, the speech is translated into text, and the text isdisplayed in the input box 307. The display screen 210 may also displayan image or video 401 of the user's face.

FIG. 5 is a sequence diagram for interaction between a user and adigital makeup artist for a custom tutorial in accordance with anexemplary aspect of the disclosure. The digital makeup artist 520 maytake the form of the avatar 305 or may be conversational agent that isinteracted with through speech. The digital makeup artist 520 may beperformed by a mobile application 111 and may represent a fictionalperson or an actual makeup artist. A system 510 may be a desktopcomputer, laptop computer 103, tablet computer, mobile device 101, orother computer system having a display function. The system 510 may be acombination of any of a desktop computer, laptop computer, tabletcomputer, or mobile device, and a cloud service 105. The system may havean audio function. A user input 530 may in the form of a text input areaand/or a microphone input.

Conventional videos of tutorials for applying makeup include basic videofunctions of Play, Pause, Stop, and may include a time slider for movingthe start time of video playback while the video is paused. In disclosedembodiments, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 is used to provideinteraction with a custom tutorial.

A user may use the mobile application 111 for a purpose such as a usecase in which the user has a look in mind, but would like to have theDigital Makeup Artist show how the look may be created. The mobileapplication 111 may perform a custom tutorial to create the look. In501, a Digital Makeup Artist 520 of the mobile application 111 mayperform an initial dialog with a User 530 in order to obtain someinformation about the user and particularly, the User's needs. TheDigital Makeup Artist 520 may begin a dialog by displaying and/orspeaking an initial question, such as: “What type of look do you want tocreate?”

In 503, the user may state a desired type of look. The user's statementmay be entered as text in input block 307. Alternatively, the user maychoose to interact with the Digital Makeup Artist 520 through voice byselecting the microphone icon 311. The system 510 may extract keywordsfrom the user's statement to be used to select a pre-stored look fromthe database 107. FIG. 6 is a user interface for inputting a userdescription of a type of look.

The user interface may provide a list of various types of looks.Examples of types of looks may include season looks (spring, summer,fall), event looks (Date night, Dinner with Girlfriends, special date,going out with mother-in-law, holiday, party, new year's eve, Bridal,Prom), looks based on time to complete (quick makeup, average makeup,take-your-time makeup), mood looks (cheery, happy, notice-me), styles(natural, evening, glam, gothic, work, beach), aesthetic looks (VSOC,eGirl, soft girl) to name a few.

The Digital Makeup Artist 520 may further display and/or speak aquestion, such as: “What is your level of experience in doing makeup?”to obtain information about the User's level of experience. The user maybe provided with a list of experience levels to select from, or mayinput via voice an experience level. In one or more embodiments,information about a User 530, including level of experience may be foundin a stored User Profile.

A level of experience may include novice/beginner look, experiencedlevel, expert level, professional. The novice/beginner level may be auser that has little or no experience in applying makeup. Theexperienced level may be a user that has previously applied makeup, andthus has some experience. The expert level may be a user that has beenapplying makeup for a while, such as a year or more, as well as hastaken steps to learn how to properly apply makeup. The professionallevel may be a user that applies to others.

The Digital Makeup Artist 520 may further display and/or speak aquestion, such as: “Is your makeup look primarily for indoor or outdoorwear?” in order to improve the type of makeup that may be recommended.

The Digital Makeup Artist 520 may further display and/or speak aquestion, such as: “Is your skin dry?” in order to obtain informationabout the User's skin condition that may be difficult to obtain throughimage processing techniques. Other questions may relate to obtaininginformation on facial problem areas and favorite facial areas that theuser may want to be considered.

The Digital Makeup Artist 520 can perform a custom tutorial to teachsteps to create the user's desired look. The Digital Makeup Artist 520may teach the steps using the user's own face and the steps may applymakeup in a manner that creates a look that is at it would appear whenapplied to the user's face. In 505, the camera 231 can be used tocapture an image or video of the user's face. The user may view thecaptured image or video on the display screen 210.

In 507, the image or video may be analyzed by the system 510 in order toobtain information of the user's face. For example, the image may beanalyzed to identify the face contained in the image, determine the faceshape, determine the parts of the face, and other characteristics thatmay be used to provide guidance during the tutorial. Conventional imageprocessing algorithms have been used to identify features in an image,such as image segmentation, brightness level, average color. However, inthe case of face recognition, artificial neural networks have recentlybeen developed. Some artificial neural networks for face recognition arebased on the structure of the human visual cortex. Architectures forartificial neural networks for computer vision continue to improve. Forpurposes of this disclosure, two non-limiting artificial neural networksare described that may be used to analyze the captured image or video.

In some embodiments, one or both of the artificial neural networks maybe performed by the mobile device 101 or laptop computer 103 providedthere are sufficient computer resources to perform processing of theartificial neural networks. In some embodiments, one or both of theartificial neural networks may be performed by a machine learningservice 109 in a cloud service 105. In some embodiments, the artificialneural networks may be trained in the machine learning service 109, andthe trained artificial neural networks may be performed in the mobiledevice 101 or laptop computer 103.

In order to perform face recognition, the mobile application 111 mayperform image processing operations in order to improve image features,such as to improve lighting. For instance, a user may inadvertently takea self-picture when bright light or sunshine is from a direction behindthe user. The mobile application 111 may brighten the face image of theuser. Other image processing operations may be performed to improve theimage quality.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the face analysis step in more detail.

In 701, an analysis may be performed on the captured image to determinea face shape. A machine learning model may be used to detect the faceshape of the captured face of the user. The machine learning model maybe trained to classify face shape using face images with known faceshapes. Recently image classification has been performed using anartificial neural network that is inspired by how the visual cortex ofhuman brain works when recognizing objects. This image classificationartificial neural network is a family of models known as convolutionneural networks (CNN). There are other approaches that have beenproposed for image classification which continue to improve. These otherapproaches for image classification that may be used for imageclassification include linear regression, decision trees, and supportvector machines, to name a few. As mentioned above, the machine learningmodel may be trained using the machine learning service 109 of the cloudservice 105.

In disclosed embodiments, an architecture of a machine learning modelthat may be used to classify face shape is a CNN. FIG. 8 is a blockdiagram of a CNN for classifying face shape. Dimensions and activationfunctions of the CNN may be varied depending on available processingpower and desired accuracy. The dimensions include the number ofchannels, the size of each layer and the number of layers. Activationfunctions include logistic, rectified linear unit, among others.

The convolution neural network (CNN) may be made up of several types oflayers. A convolution component 803 may be made up of a convolutionlayer 803 a, a pooling layer 803 c, and a rectified linear unit layer803 b. The convolution layer 803 a is for developing a 2-dimensionalactivation map that detects the special position of a feature at all thegiven spatial positions. The pooling layer 803 c acts as a form ofdownsampling. The rectified linear unit layer 803 b applies anactivation function to increase the nonlinear properties of the decisionfunction and of the overall network without affecting the receptivefields of the convolution layer itself. A fully connected layer 805includes neurons that have connections to all the activations amongstthe previous layers. A loss layer specifies how the network trainingpenalizes the deviation between the predicted and true layers. The losslayer 807 detects a class in a set of mutually exclusive classes.

In some embodiments, the loss layer 807 may be a softmax function. Thesoftmax function provides a probability for each class. In an exemplaryembodiment, the classes 809 may include square, rectangular, round,oval, oblong, diamond, triangular, and heart face shapes.

In 703, the mobile application may analyze facial features andlandmarks. Similar to face shape, the facial features and landmarks ofthe captured face of the user may be detected using a machine learningmodel. The machine learning model may be trained to detect faciallandmarks. As with face shape classification, other approaches toclassification may be used. Also, a CNN architecture similar to FIG. 8may be used as well for face landmark detection.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of a deep learning neural network for face landmarkdetection. Similar to the architecture in FIG. 8 , the deep learningneural network is a convolution neural network. In order to improvetraining of the deep learning neural network, residual connections maybe included. In one or more embodiments, inverted residual structuresmay be included in which residual connections are made to earlier layersin the network. Regarding the architecture in FIG. 9 , the network isprovided as two stages, 903 and 905. The first stage 903 is aconvolution stage for performing feature extraction. The second stage905 performs prediction in regions of interest.

The architecture of the first stage 903 includes a convolution section903 a that, provided an input face image 901, performs convolution andmax pooling operations. The convolution section 903 a is connected to aninverted residual structure 903 b. A mask layer 903 c is connected tothe inverted residual structure 903 b. The size of the mask layer 903 cis based on the number of landmarks (e.g., 2×L, the number oflandmarks). The mask layer 903 c encodes the spatial layout of the inputobject.

The architecture of the second stage 905 includes an inverted residualstructure 905 b that is connected to the inverted residual structure 903b of the first stage 903. Also, the mask layer 903 c of the first stage903 is applied to the results of the inverted residual structure 905 band provided as input for performing region of interest cropping in ROIand Concatenate Block 911. The ROI and Concatenate Block 911 is based onthe number of channels in the inverted residual structure 905 b and thenumber of landmarks. A predict block 913 predicts landmarks andapproximate locations in the mask layer 905 c. The predictions for theregions of interest of the second stage 903 are combined with thelandmarks estimated by mask 903 c for the total image to obtain outputlandmarks in output layer 907.

In one or more embodiments, the landmarks for a face include eyes, nose,lips, cheekbones, areas around the eyes including eye brows, eye lids,as well as hair. In some embodiments, landmarks may include possiblefacial anomalies.

The specific dimensions of each layer and the number of layers maydepend on parameters including the desired accuracy, hardware to performthe machine learning model, and the length of time to train the machinelearning model. The machine learning model may be trained using themachine learning service 109 of the cloud service 105.

Analysis of facial features, 507, may further include detection of lipshape 705, eyelid shape 707, and hair style 709. The detected landmarkscan be used to calculate contours of the lips, eyes, and hair style. Inaddition, other facial features such as skin color/tone, eye color, lipcolor, hair color 711 and skin texture 713 may also be determined fromthe face image. Skin color/tone and skin texture may be determined usingimage processing techniques. Skin color/tone can be analyzed todetermine RGB coordinates and assigned a name of the skin color/tone.The analysis of skin color may reveal differences in skin tone. Types ofskin tone may include fair, light, medium or deep. In a similar manner,eye color, lip color and hair color may be determined using imageprocessing techniques. Skin texture may be analyzed using an analysis ofvariations in brightness.

An additional feature of a facial image may be lighting (imagebrightness). In 715, image lighting (brightness) may also be determinedusing image processing techniques. Brightness may be defined as ameasure of the total amount of perceived light in an image. In someembodiments, brightness of an image may be increased or decreased fromits initial as captured brightness level.

In 717, past look preferences may be retrieved from a database 107. Pastlook preferences can include characteristics of a makeup product,including coverage, shade, finish of a color that was used for a pastlook. Past user preferences may include makeup product characteristicsfor a particular part of the face, and can also include a choice ofmakeup product that was applied for a particular look, in particular, aparticular part of the face.

In 509, one or more makeup filters may be selected/retrieved from thedatabase 107 based on the facial features (parts of a face) and pastlook preferences determined by the face analysis (507 and FIG. 7 ). Somestored makeup face filters may be filters that have been previouslycreated through the generation of a custom look during a custom tutorialor makeup consultation with a digital makeup artist 520.

A makeup filter is a feature mask that may be blended with a base frame,i.e., an image having a front view of a user's face. The feature mask isblended with the base frame to produce an image with a resulting faceimage having modified features. The App may make adjustments to thefeature mask in order to line up with features of the face in the baseframe using location of boundaries of facial features determined usingface analysis 507. The feature mask consists of RGB pixel values.

The one or more makeup filters may be retrieved from the database 107using a recommender system. FIG. 10 is a diagram for a recommendersystem. The recommender system 1000 may be used for retrieving makeupfilters to be used in showing how to apply a virtual makeup (515 in FIG.5 ). The recommender system 1000 works off of an indexed database 1005of image data and makeup filters which may be stored in database 107.

The indexed database 1005 may also include answers to common questionsabout makeup, common makeup looks, makeup products for particular skintypes (skin tone, skin dryness, skin texture) and/or particularethnicity of a person. The indexed database 1005 may be populated withmakeup information extracted from external databases or Web sites, suchas product review information including ratings and public comments.

The indexed database 1005 may further include categories of cosmeticproducts, including a category of makeup that provides a combination offunctions such as appearance and skin care. Makeup products in thiscategory may include a foundation that has anti-aging qualities or sunprotection, and makeup products blended with medications, or other skintreatment products. Another category may be skin care products for skincare routines to be used before applying makeup.

The recommender system 1000 includes a recommendation engine 1007 thatretrieves and ranks recommended makeup filters. In the case ofapplication of a particular virtual makeup, a recommended makeup filtermay be for the look that the user has input in step 501 and the virtualmakeup. In some embodiments, the recommended makeup filter may beretrieved based on user preferences or favorites. Personal userpreferences may be makeup characteristics that a user has entered whenthe App is first set up. Personal user preferences may be one or moremakeup filters that had previously been built during a custom tutorialor consultation with the digital makeup artist 520. Favorites may bemakeup characteristics that a user has flagged as being a favorite.Personal user preferences and favorites may be for particular parts of aface or for the entire face.

In one or more embodiments, the recommendation engine 1007 may use alook-feature matrix. FIG. 11 illustrates a non-limiting look-featurematrix in accordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure. Thelook-feature matrix illustrated in FIG. 11 is a partial matrix showingtwo types of virtual makeup for the sake of brevity. Other types ofvirtual makeup may be included in the look-feature matrix, including,but not limited to, foundation, mascara, concealer, cheek powder,eyebrow pencil, to name a few. The look-feature matrix may be stored inthe App in the mobile device to be compared to a vector of desiredfeatures. The desired features may be a vector of current userpreferences and may take into account the user's current experiencelevel and a desired look (501). The recommendation engine 1007 may useone or more similarity metrics and a scoring algorithm to rankrecommendations. In an embodiment, the recommendation engine 1007 maygenerate a set of features that elevate recommendations in order toencourage creativity by changing certain characteristics for a virtualmakeup from those that are recommended. For example, if therecommendation engine 1007 ranks a recommendation high among retrievedrecommendations, it may then change one or more characteristics in orderto increase a similarity score. Alternatively, the recommendation engine1007 may change one or more characteristics in a retrievedrecommendation, such as shade or finish, to one up or one down (e.g.,change a shade to one level up or one level down from the stored shade).In one of more embodiments, the recommendation engine 1007 may adjustthe application gesture to be more or less precise based on theexperience level of the user.

In one or more embodiments, the recommendation engine 1007 may beimplemented by or supplemented with a machine learning model. A machinelearning model may be trained for choosing a shade of foundation that isappropriate for a particular skin undertone, skin type and/or ethnicity.A machine learning model may be trained for choosing a shade of lipstickbased on the lip color of the User. A machine learning model may betrained for choosing a shade of eye shadow based on the eye color of auser and skin undertone.

A machine learning model for the recommender engine 1007 may be trainedusing data in the indexed database 1005, as well as using data fromexternal databases, especially those external databases having imagesand videos that a User may publish their custom looks. Example externaldatabases include databases for social media platforms such as Facebook,Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, that may be publically available, and videoconferencing platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Hangouts orGoogle Meet, to name a few.

The machine learning model for the recommender engine 1007 may be basedon algorithms for relatively small data sets, including decision trees,random forests, or single layer neural networks—perceptron. Providedlarge data sets consisting of thousands of training data examples, adeep learning neural network may be used as the machine learning model.The architecture for the deep learning neural network may be a variationof a convolution neural network for recognizing features in colorimages.

The recommendation engine 1007 may output one or more recommendations toa recommendation user interface (511). The recommendation user interfacemay also display a sequence of video frames that demonstrate applicationof a selected recommendation.

In 511, one or more look options may be displayed on the display screen210.

FIG. 12 is an exemplary user interface in a mobile application. TheDigital Makeup Artist 520 may display custom recommendations 1201 ofvarious looks. In 513, the user may select a recommended look. The lookmay be selected by using a pointing device to move a pointer on thedisplay screen 210, a pointing device on the touch screen 221, or byentering a voice command, such as: “Select LOOK1.” There may be morecustom recommendations that can be displayed on the display screen 210.The user may view other recommended looks, for example, by selecting afunction to display a next screen of looks. In one embodiment, the userinterface may provide a scroll bar 1203 that may allow scrolling to viewthe additional looks.

Once the user has selected a look, in 515, the system 510 may beginperforming steps for creating the selected look. FIG. 13 illustrates auser interface that may be displayed to begin a tutorial in a mobileapplication in accordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure.During the tutorial, in 517, information may be fed back to the system510 in order to improve future interactions. Also, the tutorial isinteractive. The tutorial may be controlled using commands, includingSLOW DOWN, PAUSE, RE-DO A STEP, SKIP A STEP. A message 1301 may bedisplayed to inform the user that commands can be used to control thetutorial. The commands, may be selected on the user interface using apointing device, or may be entered as verbal commands when themicrophone 241 is active (e.g., via the microphone icon 311). Thetutorial being played may be corrected to obtain a custom tutorialexperience. For example, the command RE-DO A STEP may include an optionto make a change to the tutorial. The system 510 may save changes thatare made to the tutorial to the database 107 as look preference datathat may be used to improve future interactions. As noted above, aversion of the mobile application 111 may be for devices with smallerscreens than laptop computers or desktop computers. FIG. 14 is anexemplary mobile application in accordance with an exemplary aspect ofthe disclosure. Provided the smaller screen, interaction with thedigital makeup artist 520 may be through audio and/or text. In suchcase, the commands may be input verbally. During the tutorial, a faceimage of the user 1401 may be displayed, and the tutorial may involveapplying makeup 1403 a of a color 1403 b selected from a makeup palette1403 to a part 1405 of the face image 1401.

FIGS. 15, 16, 17, 18 are flowcharts for video control commands. Asmentioned above, the tutorial may be controlled using commands,including SLOW DOWN, PAUSE, RE-DO A STEP, SKIP A STEP. FIG. 15 is aflowchart of the SLOW DOWN video control command. The SLOW DOWN commandmay perform a function, S1501, of reducing the playback rate by acertain amount (X %). In addition, the call for the SLOW DOWN commandmay indicate that the user believes that the portion of the video beingplayed is complicated, or requires careful viewing. The performance of afunction of reducing the playback rate may include, in S1503, storinginformation indicating that the step is complicated.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart of the PAUSE video control command. The PAUSEcommand may perform a function, S1601, of stopping playback of the videoat a certain time point (a position in seconds, or a time code).

FIG. 17 is a flowchart of the RE-DO A STEP video control command. TheRE-DO A STEP command may perform a function that makes use of chapters.In some embodiments, the beginning of each chapter may include a startimage frame and time point. Alternatively, the beginning of each chaptercould be marked by a chapter frame. The RE-DO A STEP command may performa function that may cause the video to go back to the beginning of thecurrent chapter and start playback over beginning from a starting imageof the chapter. In S1701, the function may include reading the name ofthe current chapter. In S1703, the function may store informationindicating that the step associated with the current chapter iscomplicated. In 1705, the function may read an identifier that indicatesthe position of the beginning of the chapter, which could be a timepoint, or a chapter frame.

As will be described later, in some embodiments, the video frames may bedynamically generated, for example, prior to playback of a chapter, oras the video frames are being played. By dynamically generating videoframes, changes can be incorporated in the video, for example a changeto use a makeup of a different shade and/or finish. The beginning of achapter includes a starting image, which may be a state of a face imagecombined with a mask filter. Any makeup application performed during theplayback of the chapter may be saved as the next state of a face imagecombined with a mask filter.

In S1707, the video may be played back starting from the beginning ofthe chapter.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart of the SKIP A STEP video control command. TheSKIP A STEP command may perform a function that may cause the video toskip to the beginning of the next chapter. The function may begin by, inS1801, reading the name of the current chapter. Skipping a step may bean indication that the step is easy and the user does not need to beshown how to perform the step. In S1803, the function may storeinformation indicating that the step is easy. In S1805, the function mayread the name of the next chapter, and in S1807, may read the time pointassociated with the next chapter. In S1809, the function may reset thevideo to start from the time point of the next chapter.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a video playback component in accordancewith an exemplary aspect of the disclosure. In some embodiments, thevideo playback component 320 may generate a video for a tutorial beforeplaying back the video. In particular, the video playback component mayperform operations with one or more frames in a tutorial video beforerendering frames for display. Also, a video of a tutorial may be dividedinto chapters. The chapters may be used to divide a video for a makeuptutorial into individual steps, where each step may be replayed, as wellas paused or stopped. Each chapter may be designed by a start frame. Achapter of the video may be for a step of applying makeup to a certainpart of the user's face, and may be for applying a certain type ofmakeup. The video may begin with an image of the user's face that wascaptured with a camera. The video may use information obtained throughthe analysis of the face image, such as location and labels of parts ofthe user's face image, coloring, texture, and lighting. The video mayalso make use of the selected look chosen by the user. By default, thevideo may be for a tutorial on how to create the selected look using theuser's face image and the information obtained from the face analysis.

As mentioned above, a chapter of the video may be for a step of applyingmakeup to a certain part of the user's face, and may be for applying acertain type of makeup. For example, a chapter may be for a step ofapplying a concealer to the eyelid of the user's face image. Theconcealer may be a makeup product that is provided for the selectedlook. In some embodiments, a makeup look may have a set of chapters,where each chapter may include one or more makeup products, where amakeup product has a set of characteristics, such as color, coverage,shade, and finish. The video playback component 320 may generate theselected look for the particular user's face and makeup products. Achapter may begin with an image of the user's face that was made up in aprevious chapter, such that chapters represent cumulative results ofmakeup application. In some embodiments, the cumulative results are oneor more mask filters that are separate from the original face image.

Regarding FIG. 19 , a face image, or a mask filter for a face image 1903may be provided at the beginning of a chapter as a start image uponwhich further digital makeup will be applied for the tutorial. Thebeginning of a chapter may include location information 1907 of a partof a face (facial feature) where the makeup product will be applied, aswell as information on the makeup product, its characteristics, and typeof strokes that might be applied by a specific type of makeupapplicator. The chapter may include an accompanying audio component,1901. A chapter may include a sequence of mask filters 1905 of desiredfeatures that may be used to create video frames for the tutorial. Eachvideo frame may be generated by blending a prior frame 1911 and adesired feature 1913 to obtain a resulting feature 1915. One or morefeature masks may be used that represent applying a particular makeupusing a makeup applicator for a particular facial feature.

FIG. 20 illustrates a blending process that may be used to create avideo frame based on a desired feature and an original feature. Theblending of a facial feature is accomplished as follows.

1. The desired feature 2001 is recolored, 2003, to match the color(s) ofthe original feature and obtain a recolored feature 2005.

2. The recolored feature 2005 is multiplied by a feature mask filter2007.

3. The original feature 2009 is multiplied by the inverse 2011 (i.e.,one minus each of the mask values, which range from 0 to 1) of thefeature mask filter.

4. The resulting images of 2 and 3 are added 2013 pixel by pixel to makethe final blended feature image 2015.

When the tutorial is completed, or when the user has completed as muchof the tutorial that they wish to accomplish, the user interface mayprovide a choice to save the completed look. If the user chooses to savethe completed look, YES in 519, in 521, the look may be saved as afinished look, or the steps taken to apply makeup during the tutorialmay be saved as a custom filter, or a sequence of custom filters. Inaddition, in 523, the user interface may provide an option to transferthe custom look or apply/transport the custom filter as an image toother platforms (525).

An example operation of the system is provided in FIGS. 21A to 21F.FIGS. 21A to 21F are a sequence diagram for an exemplary interaction usecase of using the Digital Makeup Artist 520 for a makeup tutorial inaccordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure. The sequencediagram of FIGS. 21A to 21F includes operations and communication by aSystem 510, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 and a User 530. As mentionedabove, the System 510 may be a computer device, such as a desktopcomputer, laptop computer 103, tablet computer, or mobile device 101, toname general types. The System 510 may also take the form of acombination of a computer device and a cloud service 105 (see FIG. 1 ).In either case, a Digital Makeup Artist 520 may be performed as part ofa mobile application 111 and the User 530 may interact with the DigitalMakeup Artist 520 either through speech, text, or a combination ofspeech and text.

The User 530 may first select the mobile application to be executed in auser interface of a computer device. Once the mobile application isstarted, the User 530 may be given a choice of using the Digital MakeupArtist 520 for teaching in a tutorial or providing advice in a makeupconsultation session (to be described later). In the case that the userhas chosen to use the Digital Makeup Artist 520 for a tutorial, in 2101,the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask a question, “What kind of look doyou want to create.” In 2103, the User 530 may state a name of a look.The look may be a pre-existing type of look, or may the name of a newlook that the User 530 has in mind. As an alternative, the System 510may provide a list of pre-existing looks for the User 530 to choosefrom. The pre-existing looks may be stored in the database 107 or may beprovided locally in the App 111.

In some embodiments, in 2105, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask theUser 530 to provide their level of experience in applying makeup. Thelevel of experience may be a category, such as New, Experiences, Expert,and Professional. The System 510 may present a list of experience levelsfor the User 530 to choose from. In 2107, the User 530 indicates a levelof experience.

In 2109, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask the User 530 how much oftheir face do they want to apply makeup in a tutorial. A tutorial may beprovided for a part of a face or the whole face. In 2111, the User maychoose to have a tutorial presented for a part of the face, such astheir eyes.

In some embodiments, in 2113, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask theUser 530 how much time they have for a tutorial. The tutorial may be ashortened version if a user does not have much time, or may be a fullversion if the user has sufficient time for the full tutorial. The User530 may provide a response that is qualitative, or may provide aresponse that is an amount of time in minutes. In 2115, the User 530 mayprovide a qualitative response, such as, “I don't have much time.” TheSystem 510 may interpret this response as that a shortened version of atutorial should be performed. However, the User 530 may further expressthat they are willing to save the tutorial at an intermediate state tobe completed later. In the latter case, the System 510 may save thetutorial at a point so that it may be played back starting from anintermediate point.

In some embodiments, in 2117, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask theUser 530 to determine that the User 530 wishes to use any necessarymakeup and makeup applicators that are already available for use, forexample, makeup products that the User 530 has purchased, or that theUser 530 would prefer that the System 510 may provide makeup and makeupapplicators that may be needed for the tutorial. In 2121, the User 530may provide a qualitative response to indicate that they have somemakeup products, but would be open to the System 510 choosing makeup andmakeup applicators.

In 2123, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask the User 530 to take aphoto of their face. The photo may be taken with a camera 231 that isbuilt in to the mobile device 101, or with a camera that is external.

In 2125, the System 510 may perform analysis of the face image. Asmentioned above, the face analysis may be performed to obtain locationsof the parts of the face, and facial features including skin color, skintexture, lighting, as well as past look preferences, which isinformation that may be used in generating a video for the tutorial.

In 2127, the System 2125 may select a makeup for application in thetutorial.

In 2129, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask the User 530 if they likethe choice of makeup. In 2131, the User 530 may respond that they do notagree with the choice, and would rather have the tutorial performedusing a makeup provided by the User.

In 2133, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may indicate that the tutorialwill begin. In some embodiments, in 2135, the Digital Makeup Artist 520may provide a list of products that may be used during the tutorial, incase that the User 530 would like to obtain the products to apply makeupduring the tutorial.

In 2141, the System 510 may begin generating and playing the video ofthe tutorial. In the example tutorial, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 maystart the tutorial by stating initial makeup that may be applied. In2143, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may speak or provide a textinstruction indicating that a concealer will be applied first, followedby a primer.

The video of the tutorial may be played by the System 510 in conjunctionwith instruction by the Digital Makeup Artist 520, either through speechoutput, text output, or both speech and text. In S1845, the DigitalMakeup Artist 520 may provide instruction for selecting an eye shadow.In 2147, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction forchoosing a blending brush. In 2149, the Digital makeup Artists 520 mayprovide instruction for applying eye shadow.

At time points along the tutorial, the User 530 may input a videocontrol command. As an example, in 2151, the User 530 may input acommand to RE-DO A STEP. In some embodiments, the command may include arequest to make a change to a step, such as Re-do with a one-up color.The Digital Makeup Artist 520 may output a request for clarification asto what the user means by “one-up color.” In 2153, the System 510 maygenerate new frames for a video beginning with selecting eye shadow of2145 that uses a new color.

In 2155, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction forchoosing a blending brush. In 2157, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 mayprovide instruction for applying eye shadow.

In 2159, the User 530 may input a command, such as PAUSE. The System 510may perform a pause function, until the User 530 inputs a PLAY command.

In 2161, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction forperforming blending with another shade of eye shadow. In 2163, theDigital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction for selecting an eyeshadow of the next shade. In 2165, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 mayprovide instruction for choosing a blending brush. In 2167, the DigitalMakeup Artist 520 may provide instruction for performing blending.

In 2169, the User 530 may input a command, such as “RE-DO A STEP,” to redo the blending. In 2171, the System 510 may restart the video from thebeginning of the blending step.

In 2173, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction forperforming sharpening of an eye brow. In 2175, the Digital Makeup Artist520 may provide instruction for performing a step of cutting of crease.In 2177, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction forperforming a step of selecting a concealer with a pearl finish.

In 2179, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may input a statement that theconcealer is too bright, and ask if the concealer can be toned down. In2181, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may respond by stating that it willtry another concealer, which may be performed by issuing RE-DO A STEPwith a change to another concealer.

In 2183, the System 510 may restart the video from the beginning of thestep of cutting of a crease, depending on where the beginning of thechapter occurs. Then, in S1885, the System 510 may, as an example,select a concealer with mate finish and play the video with the selectedconcealer. In 2187, the User 530 may input a PAUSE command to take amoment to observe the result of the new concealer. In 2189, the User 530may input a PLAY command to start playing the video.

In 2191, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction forperforming a step of shaping around an eye. In 2193, the Digital MakeupArtist 520 may provide instruction for performing a step of brighteningeyes.

In 2195, the System 510 may choose a pencil that is appropriate for theuser's skin tone. In 2197, the System 510 may draw on the face imageusing the chosen pencil.

In 2199, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction forperforming a step of applying eye liner. At this point, in 2001, theUser 530 may choose to stop the video to be resumed at a later time.

At some future time when the video has completed, in 2203, the DigitalMakeup Artist 520 may output a question as to whether the user wouldlike to save the finished look. In 2205, the User may choose to save thelook and instruct the System 510 to save the look. In 2207, the System510 saves the final look to the database 107. In some embodiments, thefinal look may be saved in the database as a preferred look for acertain type of look. For example, a look created using a tutorial maybe saved as a preferred look for the type of look that was initiallydescribed (see 503 in FIG. 5 ). The final look may also be transportedto other platforms, such as social media platforms or video conferencingplatforms. Some current social media platforms where a user may post aphotograph or video include Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, TikToc, andSnapchat, to name a few. Some current video conferencing platformsinclude Microsoft Teams, FaceTime, Google Hangouts or Google Meet, Zoom,GoToMeeting, Skype, to name a few. In addition, changes that were madeduring the tutorial, such as choice of shade of a color, finish of acolor, may be stored as look preference data.

In some embodiments, in 2207, the System 510 may save to the database107 one or more mask filters associated with the creation of the finallook. The one or more mask filters may be transported to otherplatforms, and may be used to create a custom look for the otherplatform.

Social media and video conferencing have brought about a need for makeupon-the-fly, as well as have been an influence for social subculturessuch as VSCO Girls, and aesthetic looks such as eGirl and Soft girl. Theneed is for a virtual makeup look for social media and videoconferencing, i.e., augmented reality.

An example operation of the system is provided in FIGS. 22A to 22E forcreating a virtual try-on for social media or video conferencing. FIGS.22A to 22E are a sequence diagram for an exemplary interaction use caseof using the Digital Makeup Artist 520 for a makeup tutorial inaccordance with an exemplary aspect of the disclosure.

In the case that the user has chosen to use the Digital Makeup Artist520 for a tutorial for creating a virtual try-on for video conferencing,in 2221, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask a question, “What kind oflook do you want to create.” In 2223, the User 530 may state that theywould like to apply an eGirl look. The eGirl look may be a look that auser would like to try for posting in social media or when videoconferencing with friends or colleagues. A pre-existing eGirl look maybe stored in the database 107 or may be provided locally in the App 111.

In some embodiments, in 2225, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask theUser 530 to provide their level of experience in applying makeup. Thelevel of experience may be a category, such as New, Experienced, Expert,and Professional. The System 510 may present a list of experience levelsfor the User 530 to choose from. In 2227, the User 530 indicates a levelof experience as Experienced, but is new to applying an eGirl look.

In 2229, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask the User 530 how much oftheir face do they want to apply makeup in a tutorial. A tutorial may beprovided for a part of a face or the whole face. In 2231, the User maychoose to have a tutorial presented for the whole face.

In some embodiments, in 2233, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask theUser 530 how much time they have for a tutorial. The tutorial may be ashortened version if a user does not have much time, or may be a fullversion if the user has sufficient time for the full tutorial. The User530 may provide a response that is qualitative, or may provide aresponse that is an amount of time in minutes. In 2235, the User 530 mayprovide a qualitative response, such as, “I don't have much time.” TheSystem 510 may interpret this response as that a shortened version of atutorial should be performed. In some embodiments, in 2237, the DigitalMakeup Artist 520 may ask the User 530 to determine that the User 530wishes to use any necessary digital makeup and makeup applicators thatare already available for use, for example, digital makeup products thatthe User 530 has purchased, or that the User 530 would prefer that theSystem 510 may provide digital makeup and makeup applicators that may beneeded for the tutorial. In 2241, the User 530 may provide a qualitativeresponse to indicate that they have some digital makeup products.

In 2243, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask the User 530 to take aphoto of their face. The photo may be taken with a camera 231 that isbuilt in to the mobile device 101, or with a camera that is external.

In 2245, the System 510 may perform analysis of the face image. Asmentioned above, the face analysis may be performed to obtain locationsof the parts of the face, and facial features including skin color, skintexture, lighting, as well as past look preferences, which isinformation that may be used in generating a video for the tutorial.

In 2247, the System 510 may select a digital makeup for application inthe tutorial.

In 2249, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask the User 530 if they likethe choice of digital makeup. In 2251, the User 530 may respond thatthey do not agree with the choice, and would rather have the tutorialperformed using digital makeup provided by the User.

In 2253, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may indicate that the tutorialwill begin. In some embodiments, in 2255, the Digital Makeup Artist 520may provide a list of digital makeup products that may be used duringthe tutorial, in case that the User 530 would like to obtain theproducts to apply makeup during the tutorial.

In 2261, the System 510 may begin generating and playing the video ofthe tutorial. In the example tutorial, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 maystart the tutorial by stating initial makeup that may be applied. In2263, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may speak or provide a textinstruction indicating that a primer will be smoothed on, in order toprep for foundation.

The video of the tutorial may be played by the System 510 in conjunctionwith instruction by the Digital Makeup Artist 520, either through speechoutput, text output, or both speech and text. In 2265, the DigitalMakeup Artist 520 may provide instruction for selecting foundationhaving light coverage and natural finish. In 2267, the Digital MakeupArtist 520 may provide instruction for sweeping Blush across the bridgeof the nose, and extending slightly onto the cheeks. In 2269, theDigital makeup Artists 520 may provide instruction for applyingHighlighting Power onto tip of nose using tapered brush.

At time points along the tutorial, the User 530 may input a videocontrol command. As an example, in 2271, the User 530 may input acommand to RE-DO A STEP. In some embodiments, the command may include arequest to make a change to a step, such as Re-do with a one-up blushcolor. The Digital Makeup Artist 520 may output a request forclarification as to what the user means by “one-up blush color.” In2273, the System 510 may generate new frames for a video beginning withsweeping blush of 2267 that uses a new blush color.

In 2275, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction forapplying eyebrow mechanical pencil with light strokes. In 2277, theDigital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction for combing throughbrows.

In 2279, the User 530 may input a command, such as PAUSE. The System 510may perform a pause function, until the User 530 inputs a PLAY command.

In 2281, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction forselecting eye shadow of pink shade. In 2283, the Digital Makeup Artist520 may provide instruction for selecting a foot applicator for applyingeye shadow. In 2285, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provideinstruction for applying the eye shadow to eye lids. In 2287, theDigital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction for performingblending into the crease with a fluffy blending brush.

In 2289, the User 530 may input a command, such as “RE-DO A STEP,” to redo the blending. In 2291, the System 510 may restart the video from thebeginning of the blending step.

In 2293, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction forcreating a wing across each lid using a wing stencil. In 2295, theDigital Makeup Artist 520 may provide instruction for performing a stepof applying mascara to lashes using a few swipes. In 2297, the DigitalMakeup Artist 520 may provide instruction for applying a barely-therelip gloss.

In 2299, the User 530 may input a statement that the lip gloss is toolight, and ask if the lip gloss can be toned up.

At some future time when the video has completed, in 2301, the DigitalMakeup Artist 520 may output a question as to whether the user wouldlike to save the finished look. In 2303, the User 530 may choose to savethe look and instruct the System 510 to save the look. In 2305, theSystem 510 saves the final look to the database 107. In someembodiments, the final look may be saved in the database as a preferredlook for a certain type of look, such as a personal eGirl look. Forexample, the eGirl look created using a tutorial may be saved as apreferred look for the egirl look that was initially described (see 503in FIG. 5 ). The final look may also be transported to other platforms,such as social media platforms or video conferencing platforms. Somecurrent social media platforms where a user may post a photograph orvideo include Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, TikToc, and Snapchat, toname a few. Some current video conferencing platforms include MicrosoftTeams, FaceTime, Google Hangouts or Google Meet, Zoom, GoToMeeting,Skype, to name a few. In addition, changes that were made during thetutorial, such as choice of shade of a color, finish of a color, may bestored as look preference data.

In some embodiments, in 2305, the System 510 may save to the database107 one or more mask filters associated with the creation of the finallook. The one or more mask filters may be transported to otherplatforms, and may be used to create a custom look for the otherplatform.

In addition to providing a tutorial service for creating a custom look,the Digital Makeup Artist 520 can provide personal makeup consultation.The Digital Makeup Artist 520 may provide advice on how to boost theuser's makeup look, or provide advice on improvements that may be madeto the user's makeup application technique. The Digital Makeup Artist520 may provide advice on a makeup application technique that may betteraddress a problem area, or bring out a special facial feature. TheDigital Makeup Artist 520 may provide advice on makeup application thatmay be appropriate for time of day (morning, afternoon, evening), anexpected place where the user will be going to (mostly indoors withartificial lighting, mostly outdoors with sun exposure and lighting), orcurrent skin conditions (dry skin). The Digital Makeup Artist 520 mayprovide advice on ways to bring out the user's personality.

FIG. 23 is a sequence diagram for interaction between a digital makeupartist and a user for a cosmetic consultation in accordance with anexemplary aspect of the disclosure.

As stated above, the User 530 may be given a choice of using the DigitalMakeup Artist 520 for teaching in a tutorial or providing advice in acosmetic consultation session. In 2351, the User 530 may requestcosmetic advice via the user interface window 310 (see FIG. 3 ). In2353, the System 510 may request that the User 530 take a photograph orvideo of their face. In a similar manner as in the above for thetutorial, the System 510 may analyze an image of the user's face toidentify face parts, sense skin tone, lip color, hair color, and skintexture. In 2355, the System 510 may conduct an interactive dialog withthe User 530 to obtain further information related to a user's needs,including skin condition, indoor/outdoor looks, favorite facialfeatures, and any facial feature concerns. In 2357, the User 530 mayinput information of skin conditions, e.g., dry skin, indoor/outdoorlooks, favorite features and facial feature concerns.

Provided user input information and preference information that may havebeen previously stored in the database 107, and mask filters for varioustypes of looks stored in the database 107, in 2359, the System 510creates one or more custom recommendations for cosmetic routines. Asdiscussed above, custom recommendations may be obtained using arecommender system. The recommender system 1000 may be used forretrieving makeup filters to be used in creating the customrecommendations for makeup routines and may be used for retrievingcosmetic routines, such as for skin care. In 2361, the System 510 maydisplay the retrieved one or more recommended cosmetic routines. Makeuproutines may be generated using the blending process shown in FIG. 20 .

The recommender system 1000 includes a recommendation engine 1007 thatretrieves and ranks recommended makeup filters. The recommendationengine 1007 may also draw from an external repository for additionalinformation, including one or more of frequently asked questions andanswers, common makeup looks, cosmetic products for specific skin typesand conditions, and ethnicity. The recommender engine 1007 may furtherdraw from an external repository of cosmetic categories, including skincare, and makeup that has skin care qualities, Makeup that has skin carequalities may include foundation with SFP for protection from sunlight,makeup with anti-aging qualities. In the case of application of aparticular virtual makeup, a recommended makeup filter may be forfavorite features and facial feature concerns that the user has input instep 2357.

In one or more embodiments, as described above the recommender engine1007 may be supplemented with a machine learning model to recommend ashade of makeup based on skin undertone.

In some embodiments, in 2363, the user interface window 310 may takeinput from the User 530 to refine, make adjustments to, a recommendedcosmetic routine. The further user input can be in the form ofrefinements or adjustments in particular features shown in therecommended routine. For example, the user may input that the lipstickcolor is too bold. The further user input can be in the form ofrefinements or adjustments in the overall makeup routine. For example,the user may input that the makeup routine is too bold, or that the userwould prefer longwear for makeup. In 2365, the System 510 may makeadjustments to the recommended makeup routine in accordance with theuser input and makeup look data that matches the type of adjustment. Forexample, the System 510 may make an adjustment by retrieving a maskfilter for longwear makeup that has been stored in the database 107. In2367, the System 510 may generate and display the revised makeup routinefor the user's face image using the retrieved mask filter. In 2369, theSystem 510 may provide recommendations for makeup products that may beused to create the finished face image using the makeup routine.

In addition, in 2371, the System 510 may store the finished face imageand adjustments to the makeup routine used in creating the finished faceimage in the database 107 as makeup look preferences. For example, themask filter for longwear makeup may be stored with a label that it is amakeup look preference (makeup filter) for a makeup routine (look) in afeature matrix, as in FIG. 11 .

In one or more embodiments, in 2373, the User 530 may choose totransport/publish the created finished face image to a platform thatprovides live video or still images that the user would like to make apresence. Platforms that provide live video include social mediaplatforms and video conferencing platforms, including Facebook,Linked-in, Google Hangouts or Google Meet, FaceTime, Microsoft Teams,TikToc, Zoom, to name a few.

In order to explain the Digital Makeup Artist 520, an example operationis provided FIGS. 24A to 24D. FIGS. 24A to 24D are a sequence diagramfor an exemplary interaction using the digital makeup artist for amakeup consultation in accordance with an exemplary aspect of thedisclosure. The sequence diagram of FIGS. 24A to 24D includes operationsand communication by a System 510, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 and aUser 530.

In 2401, the User 530 may select a mobile application for the DigitalMakeup Artist. When provided with a user interface window 310, in 2403,the User 530 may ask to obtain makeup advice. In 2405, the DigitalMakeup Artist 520 may ask whether the user has a preferred look thatthey wish for advice about. In 2407, the User 530 may provide an answerthat further defines the desired look. The Digital Makeup Artist 520 mayfurther narrow down the type of advice to give by, in 2409, asking theuser if they have a makeup look preference. The User 530 may provide ananswer that indicates that they do not have a preference, but, in 2411,would rather have the System 510 choose a look.

In 2413, the System 510 may request that the user take a photo or videoof their face and will perform analysis on the image of the user's face.The results of the analysis may include location of parts of the user'sface, and characteristics such as skin color, skin texture, lighting, aswell as previous look preferences.

In 2415, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may ask whether the user has afavorite facial feature. The User 530 may respond with one or morefavorite facial features, for example, lips as in 2417. In 2421, theSystem 510 may create a custom recommendation for one or more makeuproutines. In 2423, the System 510 may display the makeup routines andmakeup product characteristics. In 2425, the Digital Makeup Artist 520may ask the user whether they want to have adjustments made to arecommended makeup routine. In 2427, the User 530 may provide aresponse, such as that the makeup look is too bold.

In 2429, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may respond by asking whether itis a particular part, or parts, of the face that stand out, or is theentire face too bold. In 2431, the User 530 may respond that the wholelook is too bold. In 2433, the Digital Makeup Artist 520 may inform theUser 530 that an adjustment will be made to the makeup look.

In 2435, the System 510 performs an adjustment to the makeup look whichmay involve retrieving a mask filter from database 107, and the choiceof mask filter may take into account past look preferences. In 2437, theSystem 510 may display the adjusted makeup look. In 2439, the User 530may review the adjusted makeup look, and provide further feedback, suchas that the eyes look a little too dark, and request that the eyes bebrightened.

In 2441, the System 510 may make an adjustment to the makeup look, andin 2443, display the further adjusted look. In 2445, the Digital MakeupArtist 520 may inform the user that the system has increased the shadeof the eye shadow, and ask the user if that adjustment sufficientlyimproves the brightness of the eyes. In 2447, the User 530 may respondwith a statement that the adjustment is in the right direction, butmight be better if a little more adjustment is made.

In 2449, the System 510 may adjust the shade further, and in 2451, maydisplay the further adjusted look. In 2453, the Digital Makeup Artist520 may again inform the user that the system has increased the shade,and again ask the User 530 if the adjustment is sufficient. In 2455, theUser 530 may respond that the adjustment looks good.

Once a makeup look is completed, in 2461, the System 510 may display thefinal makeup look. In addition, in 2463, the System 510 may display themakeup products that may be used to create the final makeup look, and in2465, save the makeup routine, final makeup look, and adjustments thatwere made, as user look preferences in the database 107.

Through interaction with the Digital Makeup Artist 520, a User 530 canimprove their makeup looks, and improve their makeup applicationtechniques. The Digital Makeup Artist 520 provides makeup advice that istailored to the user. The Digital Makeup Artist 520 continues to improveits recommendations through an accumulation of user look preferences andcustom looks. The Digital Makeup Artist 520 can try on makeup looks fora user before the user applies makeup to their own face, and teaches theuser how to apply the makeup to create a custom look. In addition, theDigital Makeup Artist 520 can create custom makeup looks based on storedlook preferences and information about the user's facial features.

In an embodiment, the words “a,” “an” and the like generally carry ameaning of “one or more,” unless stated otherwise.

Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention arepossible in light of the above teachings. For example, data gatheredfrom various consumers' skin tones and texture will allow scaling of theartificial neural network to more than a single consumer. The artificialneural network will be able to predict for each product shade therendering of new cosmetic formula. It is therefore to be understood thatwithin the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practicedotherwise than as specifically described herein.

1. A digital makeup artist system, comprising: a mobile device having adisplay device, computation circuitry, and a memory; a database systemstoring cosmetic routine information, common makeup looks, cosmeticproducts for skin types and ethnicity, and user look preferences of auser; a machine learning system for analyzing an image of a face; andthe mobile device includes a user interface for interacting with adigital video makeup artist, wherein the digital video makeup artistperforms an interactive dialog with the user in order to capture needsof the user, including one or more of facial problem areas, favoritefacial features; the computation circuitry is configured to: input aface image of the user, analyze, via the machine learning system, theuser's face image to identify face parts, and generate image frames fora video to be displayed on the display device in synchronization withthe interaction with the digital video makeup artist, wherein the imageframes are generated based on the analyzed face image of the user, theneeds of the user obtained through the interactions with the user, oneor more of the stored cosmetic routine information, common makeup looks,cosmetic products for skin types and ethnicity, and the user lookpreferences, wherein an input from the user includes a command to makean adjustment to the generation of image frames for adjusting a cosmeticroutine, in which the computation circuitry is configured to generateadjusted image frames and replaying the video including the adjustedimage frames.
 2. The digital makeup artist system of claim 1, whereinthe computation circuitry is configured to play a video by displayingthe generated image frames at a predetermined playback rate, wherein thevideo includes chapters, where each chapter is a step in a makeuproutine, and wherein the input from the user includes a video controlcommand to control playing of the video.
 3. The digital makeup artistsystem of claim 1, wherein the command is a video control commandincluding one of slow down playback rate, pause playback, restart from abeginning of a step, skip forward to a next step in a video.
 4. Thedigital makeup artist system of claim 3, wherein when the input from theuser is the slow down playback rate video control command, thecomputation circuitry reduces the playback rate by a percentage of thepredetermined playback rate and stores in the database system anindication that a current chapter, that is playing when the command isinput, is complicated.
 5. The digital makeup artist system of claim 3,wherein the input from the user is a restart from the beginning of astep video control command, in which the computation circuitry isconfigured to read a time point, that is playing when the command isinput, and play the video starting from the frame at the time point. 6.The digital makeup artist system of claim 3, wherein the computationcircuitry is further configured to read a time point associated with abeginning of a current chapter that is playing and generate adjustedimage frames for playing the video starting from the frame at the timepoint.
 7. The digital makeup artist system of claim 6, wherein theadjustment to generation of image frames includes a change to acharacteristic of a color of a makeup for a face part in the face image,and wherein the characteristic of the color is one or more of coverage,shade, and finish.
 8. The digital makeup artist system of claim 6,wherein the user input includes a type of look, wherein the adjustmentto generation of image frames takes into account the user lookpreferences associated with the type of look.
 9. The digital makeupartist system of claim 6, wherein a makeup look created based on theadjustment to generation of image frames is stored in the database as apreferred makeup look.
 10. The digital makeup artist system of claim 1,wherein the computation circuitry is further configured to analyze, viathe machine learning system, the user's face image to determine one ormore of face shape, lip shape, eyelid shape, and hair style, and toanalyze the user's face image to determine one or more of skin tone, eyecolor, hair color, and skin texture, and wherein the image frames aregenerated based on cosmetic routines that are stored in a database inrelation to stored face shape, lip shape, eyelid shape, hair style, skintone, eye color, hair color, and skin texture.
 11. The digital makeupartist system of claim 1, wherein the interactive dialog with the userthat is conducted by the digital video makeup artist includes speechinput, wherein the mobile device performs natural language processing onthe speech input, and the digital video makeup artist outputs a speechresponse.
 12. The digital makeup artist system of claim 11, wherein theinteractive dialog with the user includes the digital video makeupartist speaking a question in order to obtain information aboutcondition of the user's skin.
 13. The digital makeup artist system ofclaim 11, wherein the interactive dialog with the user includes thedigital video makeup artist speaking a question in order to obtaininformation about the user's facial problem areas.
 14. The digitalmakeup artist system of claim 12, wherein the interactive dialog withthe user includes the digital video makeup artist receiving a speechinput indicating that the user's skin is dry, and wherein the imageframes are generated based on cosmetic routines that are stored inrelation to the indication that the user's skin is dry.
 15. The digitalmakeup artist system of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic routineinformation and cosmetic products stored in the database system are forskin care, and wherein the image frames are generated based on thecosmetic routine information and cosmetic products for skin care. 16.The digital makeup artist system of claim 1, wherein the cosmeticroutine information and cosmetic products stored in the database systemare for skin care-type makeup, and wherein the image frames aregenerated based on the cosmetic routine information and cosmeticproducts for skin care-type makeup.
 17. The digital makeup artist systemof claim 16, wherein the skin care-type makeup includes cosmeticproducts that have anti-aging qualities, wherein the image frames aregenerated based on cosmetic routines that are stored in relation toapplying the cosmetic products that have anti-aging qualities.
 18. Thedigital makeup artist system of claim 1, wherein the image frames aregenerated based on the analyzed face image of the user including skintone in order to provide cosmetic routines that use a shade that isoptimal for the skin tone.
 19. The digital makeup artist system of claim1, further comprising a skin undertone machine learning model forchoosing a shade of a cosmetic product that is appropriate for aparticular skin undertone of the face image.
 20. The digital makeupartist system of claim 19, wherein the cosmetic product is a foundation,and wherein the skin undertone machine learning model is for choosingthe foundation that is appropriate for the particular skin undertone ofthe face image.